Smart Grid Berbasis Renewable Energy: Perspektif Baru dalam Optimalisasi Energi Kota Pintar Berkelanjutan

Abstract

The development of smart cities requires energy systems that are more efficient, adaptive, and sustainable to address the challenges of urbanization and the global transition toward clean energy. In a more specific context, the integration of renewable energy-based smart grids is considered a strategic foundation capable of enhancing the reliability, efficiency, and sustainability of urban energy systems. However, previous studies reveal a knowledge gap regarding the limited implementation of smart grids, technical barriers in integrating variable renewable energy sources, and the lack of multi-stakeholder approaches that align policies, technologies, and public acceptance. This study employed a qualitative approach involving five key categories of informants—local government officials, state electricity company operators, academics, renewable energy industry representatives, and citizen communities—through in-depth interviews to explore perspectives on renewable energy-based smart grid integration. The findings indicate that successful integration is influenced by regulatory frameworks, infrastructure readiness, digital technology innovation, and public participation, thus reinforcing the urgency of multi-stakeholder collaboration. Theoretically, this study contributes to the interdisciplinary understanding of smart city research, while practically it offers adaptive strategies for green energy policymaking, industrial innovation, and the strengthening of smart citizenship in advancing sustainable urban development.